Friday, December 27, 2019

Moral Relativism And Moral Morality - 1627 Words

There are two different branches of moral realism. One, moral absolutism which means that in any situation a person is in, no matter the circumstances their morals stay the same every single time. Two, moral pluralism and this can be described as a person having all of their moral values. In addition to, abiding by their moral values, they also have to abide by their moral guidelines. This can be hard because at times they can conflict, but if any situation where you have to provide yourself with self defense, it is allowed. Moral realism can be described as being very judgmental. Applying moral judgments that is noticed in a person such as saying, â€Å"Paul is morally good.† There is always a way to morally judge a person by laying down the principles for acceptable and/or unacceptable behavior. The use of moral realism is simply using the codes of logic to make a moral judgement, in a statement. Not all the time will there be a true or immoral way to make a judgement. There will also be factual beliefs, such as making a false belief. Moral realism will also be needed when two beliefs are conflicted, then you have to apply your full focus to the belief that is truly moral, to decide what is the best choice. Some examples of Philosophers who fall under the moral realism category are Richard Boyd, as he believes that moral statements are either true or false. In addition,the great philosopher known as Plato also leaned towards the moral realism side rather then moral relativism.Show MoreRelatedMoral Relativism : Morality And War879 Words   |  4 PagesMoral Relativism Debate Moral relativism is the idea that there is no absolute moral standard that is applicable to any person at any place at any given time. It suggests that there are situations in which certain behavior that would normally be considered â€Å"wrong† can actually be considered â€Å"right†. Moral relativism has played an increasingly significant role in today’s society, particularly regarding the differences between the countries of the world. This essay will summarize and explain bothRead MoreRelativism and Morality: Analysis of Lenn Goodmans Some Moral Minima995 Words   |  4 PagesRelativism and Morality: Analysis of Lenn Goodmans Some Moral Minima In Some Moral Minima, Lenn Goodman argues that there are certain things that are simply wrong, which presents the platform for a heated debate to arise as to whether this notion is right or wrong. In the context of modern society, relativism has always had a place, especially in the forming of societal and behavioral norms to which those in a certain society are expected to comply. However, on a smaller individual level,Read MoreThe Necessity For Objective Morality1600 Words   |  7 PagesMorality is a key component to every day life, and due to its large impact on the world, it is often a major topic of discussion and argument. Some people may infer that morality is nothing more than an individual concept, while others, like me, believe it cannot be altered for personal benefit. Accordingly, in this paper I will argue the necessity for objective morality, and furthermore, how if it happened to be objective, the world would be chaotic. While I understand that there are various sit uationsRead MoreEthical Relativism Moral Or Immoral1382 Words   |  6 PagesDecember 19, 2014 Ethical Relativism Moral or Immoral Ethical relativism is the theory that holds that morality is relative to the norms of one s culture. That is, whether an action is right or wrong depends on the moral norms of the society in which it is practiced. Moral or ethical relativism is the idea that what is considered moral or immoral depends on the accepted behaviors within the society in which the determination is made. Therefore, what is considered moral or ethical in one societyRead MoreEvaluate †©Rachels †©Arguments †©Against †©Cultural†© Relativism Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesPHIL1001 ESSAY Evaluate†©Rachels†©arguments†©against†©cultural†©relativism.†©Is†©he†©right†©to†©endorse†© objective†©moral†©realism? DINH NAM TRAN 308213904 Cultural relativism, as defined by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. â€Å"Is the thesis that a person’s culture strongly influences her modes of perception and thought† Most cultural relativists add to this definition saying that there is no standard of morality. This means that morality is relative to the particular society that one lives in. ProminentRead MoreEthical Relativism And Moral Relativism962 Words   |  4 Pagesagainst moral relativism as the correct way to judge human morality. There are several issues with moral relativism, and I will focus on why moral relativism’s argument is false and also consider the implications of accepting relativism. I will propose an alternative framework for making moral judgments about right and wrong and consider relativist objections. Philosophers often vary in their usage of moral relativism, so, for the purpose of this paper, I will be considering moral relativism to beRead MoreRelativism, Multiculturalism, And Universal Norms866 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy 305 Business Ethics Assignment #4 Chapter 8: Relativism, Multiculturalism, And Universal Norms: Their Role in Business Ethics The central thesis of Beauchamp’s argument is as follows: I argue that although a relativism of all moral standards is an untenable position, a lower-level relativism of moral judgment and multiculturalism are morally warranted. I conclude that there is a universal common morality, but that it allows for moral disagreement and legitimate differences of opinion aboutRead MoreThe Moral Of Moral Relativism1300 Words   |  6 PagesThe definition of moral relativism is that the moral judgments of true or false is relative based on many factors and there is no universal moral judgment is absolutely right or wrong. In this paper, I want to argue for moral relativism. In my opinion, there is no objective morality that all morality is made of people’s opinion, which influenced by different culture, time, and all the factors around individuals. Different society has different moral codes because of their diverse culture, which influenceRead MoreRelativism, Multiculturalism, And Universal Norms866 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy 305 Business Ethics Assignment #4 Chapter 8: Relativism, Multiculturalism, And Universal Norms: Their Role in Business Ethics The central thesis of Beauchamp’s argument is as follows: I argue that although a relativism of all moral standards is an untenable position, a lower-level relativism of moral judgment and multiculturalism are morally warranted. I conclude that there is a universal common morality, but that it allows for moral disagreement and legitimate differences of opinion aboutRead MoreEthical Relativism Is An Unsound And Unreliable Ethical Philosophy1742 Words   |  7 PagesEthical Relativism is an unsound and unreliable ethical philosophy Mohammed Jweihan Ethics for a Global Economy Ethical Relativism is an unsound and unreliable ethical philosophy Cultural and ethical relativisms are widely used theories that explain differences among cultures and their ethics and morals. Morality deals with individual character and the moral rules that are meant to govern and limit one’s character. On the other hand Ethics is somewhat interchangeable with morals, but it

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Ck Claridge inc - 5082 Words

9-910-045 MAY 3, 2010 JOHN S. HAMMOND C.K. Claridge, Inc. On a Sunday in mid-September 2009, Christine Schilling was in the office of Ralph Purcell, president of C. K. Claridge, Inc. (CKC). Schilling, recently hired by Purcell, was going over an analysis she had recently prepared and discussed at a meeting in New York with the firm’s intellectual property attorneys. Purcell hoped that by the end of the afternoon, aided by Schilling’s insights, he would be able to establish a course of action that might hasten the final settlement of a patent suit brought against CKC three years earlier by the Tolemite Corporation and its licensee, Barton Research and Development (BARD). The Contenders CKC was founded in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1948 as†¦show more content†¦In 2005, five years after Tolemite had received its patent, a research chemist at CKC had, quite independently, discovered a very similar process for synthesizing Varacil. The CKC researchers, however, had not felt that the new processing techniques could be patented. Thus, no patent search had been initiated and production facilities had simply been converted to the new process. At the time, no one at CKC had suspected the degree to which its new process was similar to the one originated by Tolemite and covered by Tolemite’s process patent. It was with some surprise then that CKC management learned that it was being sued by Tolemite and BARD for patent infringement.1 Varacil Varacil was a chemical substance sold almost exclusively to pharmaceutical manufacturers. Although it appeared in a variety of drug preparations, it represented only a minor fraction of any one drug. The economics of its manufacture (high fixed and low variable costs plus economies of scale), however, suggested that it be made in long, high-volume runs. Thus the major drug companies themselves were not involved in its preparation. Before 2000, Varacil had been processed from naturally occurring organic chemicals found in animal tissue. As a result of the high cost of these natural chemicals, the cost of Varacil itself had been relatively high. With the advent of synthetic Varacil, this situation changed dramatically. Variable costs in

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Maugham free essay sample

Somerset Managua Louise I could never understand why Louise bothered with me. She disliked me and I knew that behind my back she seldom lost the opportunity of saying a disagreeable thing about me. She had too much delicacy ever to make a direct statement, but with a hint and a sigh and a little gesture of her beautiful hands she was able to make her meaning plain. It was true that we had known one another almost Intimately for five and twenty years, but it was impossible for me to believe that this fact meant much to her. She thought me a brutal, cynical and vulgar fellow. I was puzzled at her not leaving me alone. She did nothing of the kind; Indeed, she was constantly asking me to lunch and dine with her and once or twice a year invited me to spend a week-end at her house in the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Maugham or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Perhaps she knew that I alone saw her face behind the mask and she hoped that sooner or later I too should take the mask for the face. Knew Louise before she married. She was then a frail, delicate girl with large and melancholy eyes. Her father and mother adored and worshipped her, for some Illness, scarlet fever I think, had left her with a weak heart and she had to take the greatest care of herself.When Tom Maintain proposed to her they were dismayed, or they were convinced that she was much too delicate for marriage. But they were not too well off and Tom Maintain was rich. He promised to do everything In the world for Louise and finally they entrusted her to him. Tom Maintain was a big strong fellow, very good-looking and a fine athlete. He adored Louise. With her weak heart he could not hope to keep her with him long and he made up his mind to do everything he could to make her few years on earth happy.He gave up the games he played excellently, not because she wished him to, but because it so happened that she always had a heart attack whenever he was going to leave her for a day. If they had a difference of opinion she gave in to him at once for she was the most gentle wife a man could have, but her heart failed her and she would stay in bed, sweet and uncomplaining, for a week. He could not be such a brute as to cross her On one occasion seeing her walk eight miles on an expedition that she especially wanted to make, I remarked to Tom Maintain that she was stronger than one would have thought. He shook his head and sighed. No, no, shes dreadfully delicate. Shes been to all the best heart specialists in the world and they all say that her life hangs on a thread. But she has a wonderfully strong spirit. He told her that I had remarked on her endurance. l shall pay for it tomorrow, she said to me In her melancholy way. l shall be at deaths door. l sometimes think that youre quite strong enough to do the things you want to, I murmured. I had noticed that if a party was amusing she could dance till five In the morning, but If it was dull she felt very poorly and Tom had to take her home early.I am afraid she did not like my reply, for though she gave me a sad little smile I saw no amusement in her large blue You cant expect me to fall down dead Just to please you, she answered. Eyes. Louise outlived her husband. He caught his death of cold one day when they were sailing and Louise needed all the rugs there were to keep her warm. He left her a she managed to survive the shock. Her friends expected her speedily to follow poor Tom Maintain to the grave. Indeed they already felt dreadfully sorry for Iris, her daughter, who would be left an orphan.They redoubled their attentions towards Louise. They would not let her stir a finger; they insisted on doing everything in the world to save her trouble. They had to, because if it was necessary for her to do anything tiresome or unpleasant her heart failed her and she was at deaths door. She was quite lost without a man to take care of her, she said, and she did not know how, with her delicate health, she was going to bring up her dear Iris. Her friends asked her why she did not marry again. Oh, with her heart it was out of the question, she answered.A year after Toms death, however, she allowed George Hoboes to lead her to the altar. He was a fine fellow and he was not at all badly off. I never saw anyone so grateful as he for the privilege of being allowed to take care of this frail little thing. l shant live to trouble you long, she said. He was a soldier and an ambitious one, but he threw up his career. Louses health forced her to spend the winter at Monte Carlo and the summer at Audible. He prepared to make his wifes last few years as happy as he could. It cant be very long now, she said. Ill try not to be troublesome. For the next two or three years Louise managed, in spite of her weak heart, to go beautifully dressed to all the most lively parties, to gamble very heavily, to dance and even to flirt with tall slim young men. But George Hoboes had not the strength of Louses first husband and he had to brace himself now and then with a drink for his days work as Louses second husband. It is possible that the habit would have grown on him, which Louise would not have liked at all, but very fortunately (for her) the war broke out. He rejoined his regiment and three months later was killed. It was a great shock to Louise.She felt, however, that in such a crisis she must not give way to a private grief; and if she had a heart attack nobody heard of it. In order to distract her mind she turned her villa at Monte Carlo into a hospital for convalescent officers. Her friends told her that she would never survive the strain. Of course it will kill me, she said, l know that. But what does it matter? I must do my bit. It didnt kill her. She had the time of her life. There was no convalescent home in France that was more popular. I met her by chance in Paris. She was lunching at a restaurant with a tall and very handsome young Frenchman.She explained that she was there on business connected with the hospital. She told me that the officers were very charming to her. They knew how delicate she was and they wouldnt let her do a single thing. They took care of her, well as though they were all her husbands. She sighed. Poor George, who would ever have thoughts that I with my heart should arrive him? And poor Tom! I said. I dont know why she didnt like my saying that. She gave me her melancholy smile and her beautiful eyes filled with tears. You always speak as though you grudged me the few years that I can expect to live. By the way, your hearts much better, isnt it? Itll never be better. I saw a specialist this morning and he said I must be prepared for the worst. Oh, well, youve been prepared for that for nearly twenty years now, havent you? When the war came to an end Louise settled in pale cheeks, but she did not look a day more than twenty-five. Iris, who had been at school and was now grown up, came to live with her. Shell take care of me, said Louise. Of course itll be hard on her to live with such a great invalid as I am, but it can only be for such a little while, Im sure she wont mind. Iris was a nice girl. She had been brought up with the knowledge that her mothers health was very weak. As a child she had never been allowed to make a noise. She had always realized that her mother must on no account be upset. And though Louise told her now that she would not hear of her sacrificing herself for a tiresome old woman the RL simply would not listen. With a sigh her mother let her do a great deal. It pleases the child to think shes making herself useful, she said. Dont you think she ought to go out more? I asked. Thats what Im always telling her. I cant get her to enjoy herself. Heaven knows, I never want anyone to give up their pleasures on my account. And Iris, when I talked to her about it, said: Poor dear mother, she wants me to go and stay with friends and go to parties, but the moment I start off anywhere she has one other heart attacks, so I much prefer to stay at home. But presently she fell in love. A young friend of mine, a very good lad, asked her to marry him and she consented. I liked the child and was glad that she would be given at last the chance to lead a life of her own.But one day the young man came to me in great distress and told me that the marriage was postponed for an indefinite time. Iris felt that she could not desert her mother. Of course it was really no business of mine, but I made the opportunity to go and see Louise. She was always glad to receive her friends at teatime. well, I hear that Iris isnt going to be married, I said after a while. l dont know about that. Shes not going to be married as soon as I wished. Ive begged her on my bended knees not to consider me, but she absolutely refuses to leave me. You think its rather hard on her? Dreadfully. Of course it can only be for a few months, but I hate the thought of anyone sacrificing themselves for me. My dear Louise, youve buried two husbands, I cant see why you shouldnt bury at least two more. Oh, I know, I know what youve always thought of me. Youve never believed that I had anything the matter with me, have you? I looked at her full and square. Never. I think youve carried out a bluff for twenty-five years. I think youre the most selfish and monstrous woman I have ever known.You ruined the lives of those two unhappy men you married and now youre going to ruin the life of your daughter. I should not have been surprised if Louise had had a heart attack then. fully expected her to fly into a passion. She only gave me a gentle smile. My poor friend, one of these days youll be so dreadfully sorry you said this to me. Have you quite decided that Iris shall not marry this boy? Ive begged her to marry him. I know itll kill me, but I dont mind. Nobody cares for me. Im Just a ruder to everybody. Did you tell her it would kill you? She made me. Nobody can make you do anything that you yourself dont want to do. can marry her young man tomorrow if she likes. If it kills me, it kills me. lets risk it, shall we? She One cant pity anyone who amuses one as much as you amuse me, I answered. A spot of color appeared on Louses pale cheeks and though she smiled her eyes were hard and angry. Iris shall marry in a months time, she said, and if anything happens to me I hope you and she will be able to forgive yourselves. Louise was as good as her word. A date was fixed, a rich trousseau was ordered, and invitations were sent.Iris and the lad were very happy. On the wedding-day, at ten oclock in the morning, Louise, that devilish woman, had one of her heart attacks -? and died. She died gently forgiving Iris for having killed her. Stylistic analysis of Louise by William Somerset Managua William Somerset Managua (1874-1965) is one of the best known writers of the present day. He was not only a novelist, but also one of the most successful dramatists and short-story writer. The short-story Louise was published in 1936. This story is about the woman who seed to get everything what she wants using her weak heart.The gist of the problem raised by the author in this story is relationship between people. This problem is always urgent. The main idea conveyed by the author is that some people can be so selfish that they ready to ruin the lives of others (even the members of their own family) in order to achieve their aims. The story is written in a form of narration. The narration is conducted on 1st person. It is not pointed where the action takes place in. The story is characterized by gripping narrative and deep emotional impact. It is permeated with irony. Narration broken by ironical portrayal of the main character Louise. For example, She had too much delicacy ever to make a direct statement, but with a hint and a sigh and a little flutter of her beautiful hands she was able to make her meaning plain. The prevailing moods of the story are ironical and emotional. This story is realistic in style. It is reveals human virtues and vices. The story Louise has an gripping and fast-moving plot. The plot of the story is complicated. The story has the following composition: there are no exposition. The development of the plot begins from the first paragraph. The climax is logically reached in dialogue between the narrator and Louise.The denouement is shown in the last paragraph. The elements of plot ordered chronologically. There are two main characters: Louise and the author himself, where Louise is a antagonist and the author is protagonist. There are also some flat characters such as Tom Maintain, the first husband of Louse; George Hoboes, her second Hubbard, The author reveals the nature of his characters through actions and dialogues. For example, the Louise words l shant live to trouble you long shows her sorry for avian a weak heart. The author is focused on human feelings and relationship, actions and motives.The character of main heroine Louise is drawn with admirable skill. And it reveals the authors great knowledge of mans inner world. The story contains an abundance of stylistic devices. Especially often we can find the use of epithets and ironies. The great number of epithets such as gentle way of hers; frail, delicate girl with large and melancholy eyes; anxious adoration; dreadfully delicate; pathetic little smile; large blue eyes; plaintive smile, gentle smile, devilish Oman etc. Are used by author in order to show the appearance and to express some inner qualities of Louise. There are a lot of instances of using ironies. Whole text is permeated with them. Lets show some examples, He gave up the games he excelled in, not because she wished him to, she was glad that he should play golf and hunt, but because by a coincidence she had a heart attack whenever he proposed to leave her for a day. But who would want to be bothered with a wretched invalid like herself? Oddly enough more than one young man showed himself quite ready to undertake the hare and a year after Toms death she allowed George Hoboes to lead her to the altar.A But at last she yielded as she always yielded, and he prepared to make his wifes last few years as happy as might be. Oh, well, youve been prepared for that for nearly twenty years now, havent you? She died gently forgiving Iris for having killed her. These ironies express the narrator negative attitude to Louise. They are used in order to show that he (the narrator) doesnt believe that Louses heart is so weak. Also we can find some phraseologies, such as behind my back, her life hangs on a hared, I shall be at deaths door, stir a finger, heaven knows, to fly into a passion, Louise was as good as her word.The using of phraseologies in this text makes it emotionally expressive and rich. Besides them, we can point out some examples of repetitions: Oh, I know, I know what youve always thought of me; If it kills me, it kills me; I saw the face behind the take the mask for the face; (the framing repetition); She did nothing of the kind; indeed, she would not leave me alone; she was constantly asking me to lunch and dine with her and once or twice a year invited me to spend a week (anaphora). This titlists device also makes the story more expressive and emotional.There are some other stylistic devices such as metaphor: spark of humor, mistress of cold praise; simile: look upon her as a comic figure , she fooled herself as thoroughly as he fooled the world, they entrusted her to him as a sacred charge; hyperbole: do everything in the world for Louise, Vive begged her on my bended knees and etc. The story has a deep emotional appeal. It is intended to provoke thoughts. I like this story very much. Because the situation which described in this story is realistic. It is easy and interesting to read this story.

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Revenue Management in the Tourism Industry

Introduction Revenue management is an important element in the prediction of consumer behaviour and optimisation of product availability in the market. The concept is also used in setting prices for products through the application of analytics.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Revenue Management in the Tourism Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The objective of revenue administration is to maximise the growth of income generated by a firm (Phillips 2011). Another goal involves determining the right time to sell a particular product, the target market, and the ideal price. Through revenue management, organisations can determine the right package to sell to the consumers alongside the product (Legoherel, Poutier Fyall 2013). For this reason, it is said that this concept involves segmented pricing. Analysts in this field focus their attention on two main factors. The two are revenue growth and consumer behav iour. To predict the behavioural patterns of customers, the availability of the product in the market is optimised with a hope of maximising on revenues. Tourism is a multibillion industry in the world. A number of organisations offer a combination of tour related services. Just like any other robust sector of the global economy, the tourism industry is characterised by stiff competition among the players (The Emirates Group 2013). As a result, businesses operating in this segment must make smart choices to maintain or improve on their market share (The Emirates Group 2013). In the tourism industry, yield is the term used to refer to the actual revenue generated by an airliner or a hotel. The term is used in comparison to the income that would have been achieved in the event that the capacity of the operator was optimally utilised at the same published price (Shaw 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In this paper, the author is going to conduct an up-to-date literature review on revenue management in the tourism industry. In the essay, the author will identify the various challenges faced by marketers in this sector today. The impacts of these problems in hospitality and tourism marketing will be reviewed. To achieve this objective, a number of academic journal articles will be used. Revenue Management in the Tourism Industry To understand the concept of revenue management, it is important for organisations in the tourism industry to familiarise themselves with the notion of yield administration. Through improved yields, organisations can effectively grow their revenue (Harewood 2008). In light of this, yield management becomes an important tool for marketers since they can use it to strike a balance between the marketing segments they are dealing with. It is important to establish this equilibrium in order to generate more revenue for the firm. The focus of the organisation should not be limited to the idea of increasing the number of consumers. Challenges Facing Marketers in the Tourism Industry As stated earlier, most businesses in the tourism sector include hotels and airlines. The author of this paper puts more emphasis on airliners. It is important to understand that most of the organisations operating in the industry are mainly service providers (McKenna 2014). The business firms rarely offer tangible goods to their customers. Goods are only used as incentives. At times, they are included in packages to lure customers. They are often small and branded, such as key holders. The goods do not in any way improve the amount of revenue that is generated by the tourism company.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Revenue Management in the Tourism Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They are considered to be part of the variable costs incurred in the proc ess of doing business. Marketers in this industry have to identify the best combination of segments in order for them to improve the efficiency of their revenue management undertakings. In the process of managing the revenue of their organisations, marketers in the tourism sector face a number of challenges. Different authors adopt varying perspectives with regards to the challenges facing marketers in the tourism industry. One of the greatest obstacles encountered by these professionals is the need to comply with Vision 2050 (Cathay Pacifi ­c Airways Limited 2012). As the aviation industry grew, it became necessary to come up with ways to address issues related to financial sustainability, conservation of environment, safety, and capacity. That is where Vision 2050 came in. To comply with the guidelines provided in this document, the airlines will have to invest heavily in the industry. More revenue will need to be generated to enable the companies implement the set guidelines. F or this reason, marketers are required to calculate the best combination of segments. The pricing of the segments should enable the firms to retain and increase the number of customers. At the same time, the companies need to remain profitable. Striking a balance between the two requirements is a challenge to the marketers (Jones, Lee Chon 2011). Players in the tourism industry are also faced with the challenge of cutting on operational costs while at the same time improving the quality of services offered to the customers (AirAsia 2012).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is important to note that airlines, just like any other businesses operating in the contemporary global market, incur both fixed and variable costs. For this reason, the companies have come up with yield management systems. They are required to cut on their variable costs in order to remain profitable. Discounts offered by to the consumers should also be reduced. However, such initiatives only increase the amount of revenue collected per seat. The negative consequence of the move is that the number of customers is likely to go down as a result of the declining quality of services offered. Failure to offer discounts and incentives also makes the airlines lose potential customers, lowering their market share in the process (McCool McCool 2010). Another problem faced by marketers in the tourism industry involves inefficiency in baggage handling (Qantas 2013). Airlines and hotels need to deal with baggage in the most efficient way. However, at the same time, they are expected to red uce their operational costs. Important aspects of baggage handling include arrivals, check-in, manual handling, security, and transfers. Efficiency in this sector translates to improved quality of services. However, additional revenue needs to be allocated to this section to achieve this objective. The cost of such operations is likely to be passed down to the consumers, leading to an increase in the cost of services offered (Schwartz Chen 2012). Businesses in the tourism sector also have to contend with marketing issues related to the environment (Shaw 2011). In aviation, the marketers should take into consideration environmental regulations in their promotional activities. Compliance with these regulations is costly to the airlines. It translates to an increase in the cost of doing business. The airlines will in turn raise the prices charged on the various packages offered to consumers. Increasing the cost of services discourages customers from using the services of the company. On their part, hotels are also required by law to adhere to specific environmental policies. As a result, adjustments have to be made in a bid to comply with the regulations. The prices of some of the packages offered are raised to meet the costs incurred in making these adjustments (Vinod 2009). Change in customer loyalties has also been cited as one of the greatest challenges that marketers in the hospitality and tourism industry have to deal with (Cathay Pacific Airways Limited 2012). Hotels and airlines plan for their capacities in advance. They estimate the number of customers who are expected to use their services within a given duration of time. In most cases, the services are requested by customers and paid for in advance. However, changes in customer loyalties mean that hotels and airlines are likely to operate under capacity. The reduced earnings notwithstanding, the organisations are expected to meet their fixed costs. The low revenue generated as a result of lack of loya lty affects profitability, leading to increased prices in some of the segments. The Impacts of the Challenges on Tourism and Hospitality Marketing The challenges facing marketers in the tourism and hospitality industry have significantly impacted on the competition among segments in the sector. Such segments include accommodation, attraction sites, food and beverage, adventures and recreation, as well as travel trade (Cathay Paci ­fic Airways Limited 2012). Today, investors in the industry are engaged in cut-throat competition in an attempt to gain control of the market share. The operators have come up with improved revenue management systems to enhance their pricing schemes. Competition is important as it improves the quality of services offered to the customers. The costs of operations incurred by the competing businesses are also minimised, which leads to conservation of resources. Through competition, matters to do with convenience, control, and speed when dealing with passen gers have improved. Competition requires businesses to provide unique and quality services in order to retain and attract potential customers (Vinod 2009). Customers are likely to be on the lookout for high quality services, which are characterised by timeliness and consistency. The revenue management strategies put in place are expected to ensure that the most attractive packages are given at the best prices possible. Enhanced revenue management strategies among firms in the tourism and hospitality industry have also led to improved customer experiences (Schwartz, Stewart Backlund 2012). Airlines and hotel companies have devised mechanisms to provide their customers with valuable and vibrant experiences. Through successful marketing strategies, segmentation is made possible, allowing for different classes of tourists to get the best value out of their money. For example, major airlines have specialised on different classes of customers. For instance, for the past few years, Emirat es has focused on offering the best first class flight services in the industry (The Emirates Group 2013). Cathay Pacific Airline, on the other hand, specialises in the provision of services for business class tourists. Qantas and AirAsia focus on economy and low class groups of passengers, respectively. It is also possible for airlines to accommodate the four groups of passengers. Likewise, hotels offer different packages for varying groups of people. As a result, they are in a position to attract a diverse base of clientele. A number of revenue management policies are concerned with baggage handling (Vinod 2009). It is estimated that these strategies will help save over $1.25 billion by the reducing cases of baggage lost and mishandled. The approach is also likely to promote customer loyalty. The airlines and hotels that pay attention to the luggage of their customers are viewed as responsible and attract more clients. Complaints from customers are also reduced. Enhanced revenue m anagement strategies have made it possible for persons to travel from one point to another with ease. The development is brought about by improved price regimes in the industry (Lindenmeier Tscheulin 2008). As a result, many flights are been made to different destinations across the globe. The result of the increased movement of persons is increased congestion in many tourist destinations (Nason 2007). Tourists also pollute the environment around their destinations. Gases produced following the combustion of fuel by the airplanes also cause massive air pollution. It is worth noting that degradation of the destinations will lower the number of visitors. The development will hurt businesses in the sector as a result of reduced number of customers. In light of this, stakeholders should strive to deal with the problem of pollution in order to remain in business. A number of airlines, such as Emirates, have in the past engaged in charitable activities, which include cleaning the environ ment (The Emirates Group 2013). Conclusion Revenue management predicts customer behaviour through analytics. It is used to optimise the prices of goods and their availability in the market in a bid maximise revenue generation. Organisations can determine the most profitable packages through revenue management. In addition, segmented pricing can be implemented using this approach. Competition in the industry is stiff. For this reason, businesses have to come up with appealing packages to remain profitable. Revenue management provides such organisations with a chance to offer high quality services. At the same time, the businesses remain profitable without having to hike the prices of services provided. References Air Asia, 2012, AirAsia annual-report. Web. Cathay Pacific Airways Limited, 2012, Cathay Pacifi ­c Airways Limited stock code: 00293 annual reports. Web. Harewood, S. 2008, ‘Coordinating the tourism supply chain using bid prices’, Journal of Revenue and Pricin g Management, vol. 7 no. 3, pp. 266-280. Jones, D, Lee, A. 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Vinod, B. 2009, ‘The complexiti es and challenges of the airline fare management process and alignment with revenue management’, Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management, vol. 9 no. 2, pp. 137-151 This essay on Revenue Management in the Tourism Industry was written and submitted by user Skyler Miles to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.